|
| |
|
Single Author:
 | Where the citation is integrated into the text, and the
author’s name is part of the narrative, only the publication year appears in
parentheses. An example is shown below. |
Kosslyn (1980) proposed that the visual imagery
experience
involves a number of processing components.
| Where the citation is placed at the end of the sentence,
the author and publication year appear in parentheses. An example is shown
below. |
It has been argued that the visual imagery experience
involves a number of processing components
(Kosslyn, 1980).
Same Work in the One Paragraph:
| Include the year of publication in the first citation in
each paragraph. You do not have to include the year of publication in the
second and subsequent citations within the paragraph, as long as it is clear
that they come from the same work. An example is shown below. |
In a recent study of health psychology, Pretty (2002)
examined
the effect of self-esteem… Pretty also found …
Same Author and Same Year of Publication:
For citations by the same author with the same publication
date:
| Add lower-case letters of the alphabet (e.g., a, b, c)
to the years of publication so that you can distinguish between them.
|
| You add the lower-case letters to each work according to
the alphabetical order of the titles (excluding "A" or
"The"). |
For example, consider the following two articles by the
same author:
Marks (1989) – "Bibliography of research
utilising Vividness of Visual
Imagery Questionnaire."
Marks (1989) – "Construct validity of the
Vividness of Visual Imagery
Questionnaire."
Here, the top reference would be assigned an "a"
and the bottom reference would be assigned a "b". They would be cited
as follows in text as follows:
Marks (1989a) defined imagery vividness as a
combination
of clarity and liveliness…. Marks (1989b) proposed that imagery
vividness
was related to performance of visual memory and perception tasks.
Return to top of page
|
|
