Secondary Citations
Home ] Up ] Single Author ] Multiple Authors ] [ Secondary Citations ] Quotations ]


Secondary Citations:

Secondary citations are when you have not consulted the original research (i.e., primary source), but have read about it in another author’s work (i.e., secondary source).

Citing A Secondary Source:

In secondary citations, you must acknowledge both the primary and secondary source of the information.

Include the primary source first, and then insert the words "as cited in" before the secondary source.

Only include the secondary source – the one you have actually seen - in the reference list.

For example:

Research evidence supports the multidimensional nature of visual 

imagery ability (Dean & Morris, 1991, as cited in Burton, 1998).

In the above example, Dean and Morris (1991) is the primary source and Burton (1998) is the secondary source. The reference for Burton (1998) would be included in the reference list.

 

 

Back Home Up Next