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The following information covers citations for two or more
authors.
Two Authors:
 | The surname of both authors is included in the citation.
|
| Where the authors’ names are integrated into the
narrative, the word "and" is used between them. An example is shown
below. |
Finke and Pinker (1983) provided support for the
functional
equivalence of imagery and perception.
| Where the authors’ names are included in parentheses,
the "&" symbol is used. An example is shown below.
|
| Research suggests that imagery and perception are
functionally equivalent (Finke & Pinker, 1983). |
Three, Four, or Five Authors:
| Give all the authors’ surnames the first time the work
is cited, with a comma before the "and".
|
| On second and subsequent citings, abbreviate by using
the first author’s name only, followed by the words "et al." and
the year of publication.
|
| Include the year of publication in the first citation in
each paragraph. You do not have to include the year of publication in the
second and subsequent citations within the paragraph, as long as it is clear
that they come from the same work. |
For example:
Kosslyn, Reiser, Farah, and Fliegel (1983) found that
images of
more complex letters required longer time to generate than images
of less
complex material. Kosslyn et al. argued that …
Six or More Authors:
| Cite only the surname of the first author followed by
"et al." and the year for the first and subsequent citations.
|
| However, all the authors’ names should be included
when the work is cited in the reference list. |
For example:
The citation of work by Milne, Collins, Lee, Thompson,
Doherty,
and Fox (2000) would appear as Milne et al. (2000) in the first and
subsequent citations.
Studies by Different Authors in the One Citation:
| Cited within the same parentheses in alphabetical order by
the first author’s surname.
|
| Separate the citations by semicolons. |
For example:
Individual differences in rotation rates have been related
to tests
of spatial ability (Lansman, 1981; Pellegrino & Mumaw, 1980).
Several Studies by the Same Authors:
| For multiple references to work by the same author/s, list
the year of publication for each work you are citing in chronological order
(within the same parentheses).
Examples are shown below: |
Research has compared the motivation of athletes and
non-athletes … (Closs, 1998, 2000; Terry, 1995, 1997, 2002). Earlier
research supported this notion (Christensen, 1985, 1986).
Worth and McKeon (2000) examined individual differences
in
visual imagery ability. In a later study, Worth and McKeon (2002)
focussed
on the relationship…
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