Westen: Psychology Australian & New Zealand Edition

Chapter 15 - Multiple Choice Quiz



1.
Psychoses are most accurately described as:
A.
chronic and severe disturbances that substantially inhibit the capacity to love and to work
B.
gross disturbances involving a loss of touch with reality
C.
enduring maladaptive patterns of thought, feeling, and behaviour that lead to chronic disturbances in interpersonal and occupational functioning
D.
problems in living, such as constant self-doubt, and repetitive interpersonal problems

2.
Which of the following is a diathesis as defined by the diathesis-stress model?
A.
a propensity for anxiety caused by overactivity of norepinephrine.
B.
a propensity for anxiety caused by excessive parental criticism.
C.
a propensity for anxiety caused by death of a parent during childhood.
D.
all of the above

3.
Looking for the roots of psychopathology in the broader social context and attempting to explain an individual's behaviour in relation to a social group such as a couple, family, or larger group is consistent with a:
A.
systems approach
B.
cognitive-social approach
C.
environmental approach
D.
cultural approach

4.
The descriptive approach embodied in DSM-IV tends to be most compatible with which approach that presumes psychological disorders fall into discrete categories?
A.
disease
B.
diathesis-stress
C.
systems
D.
psychodynamic

5.
Among the most common symptoms exhibited by children with attention-deficit hyperactivity is/are
A.
impulsiveness
B.
propensity for vandalism
C.
persistent lying
D.
all of the above

6.
Nine-year-old Rita wanted very badly to win her class's "Best Penmanship" medal, an award bestowed by her teacher at the end of each school year. The honour instead went to her classmate, Jerome. Not one to be easily deterred, Rita lured Jerome to a secluded spot on the playground, beat him up, ripped his award pin from his shirt and skipped merrily home. When Rita's mother later found the medal tucked away in the back of her daughter's sock drawer and asked the child to explain its presence, Rita angrily told her mother that she had found the medal on the way home from school. She then stormed to her room and slammed her door. Psychologists would probably describe Rita's behaviour as most indicative of:
A.
conduct disorder
B.
antisocial personality disorder
C.
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
D.
borderline personality disorder

7.
Substance-related disorders are characterised by:
A.
persistent violations of social norms and the rights of others
B.
inattention and impulsiveness
C.
continued use of a substance that negatively affects psychological and social functioning
D.
all of the above

8.
Severe, early-onset alcoholism associated with delinquency, antisocial personality disorder, and other substance abuse is:
A.
highly heritable in both males and females
B.
highly heritable in males, but not females
C.
highly heritable in females, but not males
D.
almost exclusively influenced by environmental factors for both males and females

9.
Schizophrenia is frequently characterised by a “loosening of associations,” which refers to:
A.
the loss of ability to distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate behaviour
B.
the lack of complex thought in response to environmental events
C.
the tendency of conscious thought to move along lines rather than to be controlled, logical, or purposeful
D.
a tendency of the individual to think of himself as removed from the rest of society

10.
A chronic, low-level depression lasting more than 2 years, with intervals of normal moods that never last more than a few weeks or months is referred to as:
A.
major depressive disorder
B.
dysthymic disorder
C.
schizoaffective disorder
D.
bipolar disorder

11.
Aaron Beck developed the major cognitive theory of depression, the negative triad, which proposed that depressed individuals employ a negative view of:
A.
their pasts, their presents, and their futures
B.
themselves, their families, and their partner — either real or potential
C.
themselves, the world, and their futures
D.
themselves, those with whom they personally interact, and humanity in general

12.
Unlike cognitive theories of depression, psychodynamic theories focus on:
A.
physiology
B.
environment
C.
dysfunctional thought
D.
motivation

13.
When members of Western culture suffer from depression, they tend to focus on aspects such as:
A.
lethargy and fatigue
B.
loss of appetite and slowness of movement
C.
a sense of helplessness and low self esteem
D.
all of the above

14.
Agoraphobia is characterised by:
A.
recurrent thoughts of psychologically distressing events outside the range of usual human experience
B.
a marked fear that occurs when a person is in a specific social situation
C.
recurrent, life-disrupting obsessions and compulsions that cause severe distress
D.
a fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult

15.
Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder include:
A.
fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult
B.
hypervigilance and exaggerated startle response
C.
recurrent obsessions and compulsions that cause distress
D.
all of the above

16.
What percentage of patients with bulimia are female?
A.
10%
B.
25%
C.
50%
D.
90%

17.
Sarah has significant periods of amnesia, sometimes finding herself in a new city with no recollection of her old life, and feels separated from her emotions and experiences, as if her mind and body were in two different places. Sarah most likely suffers from:
A.
a dissociative disorder
B.
schizophrenia
C.
borderline personality disorder
D.
posttraumatic stress disorder

18.
Joanne had only been involved with Brad for three weeks before deciding that he was "the only man in the world who could love me." She began calling him constantly and suggested they live together. He became concerned about the intensity of her feelings and suggested they see each other only on weekends so they could get to know each other a little more slowly. She became furious and accused him of leading her on and using her. Joanne may be exhibiting signs of:
A.
antisocial personality disorder
B.
borderline personality disorder
C.
dissociative identity disorder
D.
narcissistic personality disorder

19.
Your friend begins to complain of pain, suffering or illness but no physical symptoms can be identified to explain their ailment. The likely explanation is they are suffering from a:
A.
dissociative disorder
B.
personalty disorder
C.
a somatoform disorder
D.
an eating disorder

20.
Antisocial personality disorder is characterised by:
A.
extremely unstable interpersonal relationships, dramatic mood swings, and an unstable sense of identity
B.
recurrent thoughts of a psychologically disturbing event outside the range of normal human experience
C.
a pattern of irresponsible and socially disruptive behaviour in a variety of areas
D.
a tendency to use people, to be hypersensitive to criticism, to feel entitled to special privileges, and to become rageful when others do not respond to them in ways they find satisfying or appropriate to their status

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