Westen: Psychology Australian & New Zealand Edition

Chapter 13 - Multiple Choice Quiz



1.
In his classic series of experiments using rhesus monkeys, Harry Harlow observed that the crucial element in forming attachment relationships in primates is:
A.
contact comfort
B.
a reliable food source
C.
bonding
D.
imprinting

2.
Children begin to demonstrate separation anxiety at which age?
A.
birth to one month of age
B.
two to three months of age
C.
four to five months of age
D.
six to seven months of age

3.
According to recent research, a child who responds to his/her mother's absence and return by approaching her while simultaneously avoiding her gaze may be displaying a variant on insecure attachment called
A.
ambivalent
B.
avoidant
C.
approach-avoidant
D.
disorganised

4.
According to your text, the most commonly exhibited attachment pattern around the world is:
A.
secure attachment
B.
avoidant attachment
C.
ambivalent attachment
D.
disorganised attachment

5.
Bowlby proposed that infants develop mental representations of attachment relationships that form the basis for expectations in close relationships. He referred to this as:
A.
relationship models
B.
social-role models
C.
internal working models
D.
attachment models

6.
A child whose early attachment to her mother is marked by extreme anxiety resulting from inconsistent or abusive caretaking may
A.
form a working model of herself as totally independent and see significant others are hostile
B.
form a working model of herself as unlovable and see significant others as unpredictable
C.
form a working model of herself as hostile and see significant others as unlovable
D.
form a working model of herself as disorganised and see significant others as ambivalent

7.
Attachment-related behaviour such as protest at separation probably does not occur in the first six months of life because
A.
of elevated levels of serotonin that won't level off until around six months
B.
newborns lack sufficient neural development of the cortex
C.
myelination of the neurons has not sufficiently progressed in the limbic structures
D.
newborns lack sufficient neural development in the cerebellum

8.
Researchers have identified three infant temperaments, which correspond in certain respects to human attachment styles.
A.
secure, insecure and disorganised
B.
insecure, ambivalent, and secure
C.
dependent, slow-to-warm-up, and autonomous
D.
easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up

9.
An environmental variable that appears to have a tremendous impact on security of attachment is
A.
the mother's sensitivity to her baby's signals
B.
whether the mother breastfeeds her baby or not
C.
whether a baby is raised by biological or adoptive parents
D.
the age of the mother

10.
Research indicates an infant who is temperamentally prone to distress may be more likely to become insecurely attached if
A.
she is an "only child"
B.
her primary caregiver is rigid and emotionally controlled
C.
her primary caregiver is hostile or inconsistent
D.
she is being raised in a single parent family

11.
Researchers studying adult attachment have examined the way individuals describe and recall their relationships with their parents. Adults with avoidant attachment styles
A.
appear preoccupied with their attachment relationship with their parents
B.
sometimes offer idealised generalisations about their parents
C.
have difficulty speaking about attachment figures from their pasts
D.
speak freely and openly about their relationships with their parents

12.
Research indicates that an adult's attachment pattern in relation to his or her own parents, as assessed by interview, can quite accurately predict:
A.
their own children's attachment style
B.
their "vertical" adult relationships
C.
their general physical health, as well as life-expectancy
D.
their marital status

13.
According to your text, socialisation is
A.
a unidirectional process in which parents instil in their children values and beliefs
B.
a process which must be introduced within an appropriate critical period
C.
a process which must be completed in a relatively short period of time to prepare us for adulthood
D.
a transactional process in which children participate

14.
John and Carol's teenage son, Elliot, has asked them for permission to attend a weekend party at the beach house of a friend's parents. For reasons they will not discuss with their son, they've decided to withhold their consent, and inform Elliot of their decision. Elliot accepts the ruling without protest, as he's learned from experience that further discussion would not only be fruitless but also might result in punishment. Diana Baumrind would most likely describe Bob and Carol's parenting style as
A.
abusive
B.
authoritative
C.
authoritarian
D.
permissive

15.
Which of the following is among the most powerful roles into which people are socialised?
A.
gender role
B.
parenting role
C.
stereotypical role
D.
occupational role

16.
When her classmates were asked to write down the names of peers they really liked and really disliked, Maria wasn't picked by anyone. Maria would best be described as:
A.
unnominated
B.
rejected
C.
neglected
D.
disliked

17.
In order to move away from egocentrism and toward the ability to represent another person's mind in one's own, an individual must develop an implicit set of ideas about the existence of mental states, such as beliefs and feelings, in oneself and others, known as:
A.
theory of mind
B.
self-concept
C.
value system
D.
socialisation model

18.
Children encode and organise information about their culture's definitions of maleness and femaleness in
A.
sex-role ideologies
B.
gender stereotypes
C.
gender ideals
D.
gender schemas

19.
Which stage of moral judgment is typical of school children before the age of 9 or 10?
A.
morality of cooperation
B.
morality of constraint
C.
conventional morality
D.
postconventional morality

20.
Empathy is said to have two components:
A.
cognitive and behavioural
B.
emotional and behavioural
C.
cognitive and emotional
D.
cognitive, emotional and behavioural

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