Westen: Psychology Australian & New Zealand Edition

Chapter 11 - Multiple Choice Quiz



1.
Freud's methods for developing his models of psychodynamics have drawn criticism on the grounds that the data from his research:
A.
cannot easily be observed by other scientists
B.
are filtered through the biases of the investigator
C.
do not easily permit generalisation from one subject to another
D.
all of the above

2.
A psychodynamic theorist would predict that when faced with a conflict between accuracy and self-enhancement, people are likely to:
A.
reject accuracy
B.
reject themselves
C.
become frustrated
D.
compromise

3.
Which of Freud's models used a spatial metaphor that divides mental processes into three types?
A.
drive
B.
developmental
C.
topographic
D.
hierarchical

4.
Which of the following behaviours might Freud consider an expression of libido?
A.
Daydreaming about sex.
B.
Enjoying a close friendship.
C.
Selecting a career likely to attract a potential spouse.
D.
All of the above

5.
According to Freud, the genital phase of development is characterised by:
A.
control and compliance
B.
identification with parents, especially same sex
C.
sublimation of sexual impulses
D.
mature sexuality and relationships

6.
Freud's structural model consists of:
A.
the anal, the oral, and the latent stages of development
B.
the id, the ego, and the superego
C.
Oedipus, Anima, and Animus
D.
primary needs, secondary needs, and ancillary needs

7.
Which theories describe enduring patterns of behaviour in intimate relationships and to the motivational, cognitive, and affective processes that produce those patterns?
A.
Object relations
B.
Social intelligence
C.
Relational theories
D.
Life history

8.
Tests that present subjects with ambiguous stimulus and ask them to give some kind of definition or meaning to it are known as:
A.
Objective
B.
Subjective
C.
Projective
D.
Inductive

9.
According to what approach does personality reflect a constant interplay between environmental demands and the way the individual processes information about his/her self and the world?
A.
psychodynamic
B.
life-history
C.
cognitive-social
D.
integrated

10.
Trait theories were largely derived from:
A.
the way in which people form and act out behaviours and habits
B.
a combination of Freudian and neo-Freudian theories
C.
existential analysis of the way people behave on a daily basis
D.
the words people use to describe themselves and others in their everyday lives

11.
According to Hans Eysenck, what represent a higher order organisation of the personality?
A.
types
B.
traits
C.
ideals
D.
archetypes

12.
According to more recent research, extroverts are thought to have:
A.
stronger BAS than BIS
B.
stronger BIS than BAS
C.
stronger BAS than ARAS
D.
stronger BIS than ARAS

13.
Which of the following accurately lists the five superordinate traits as determined by Costa and McCrae?
A.
Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, aggressiveness, and neuroticism
B.
Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism
C.
Openness to experience, conscientiousness, introversion, agreeableness and negativity
D.
Openness to experience, conscientiousness, introversion, aggressiveness and negativity

14.
Cross-cultural research shows confirmation of the Five Factor Model (FFM) occurs when:
A.
Western instruments are translated into other languages
B.
researchers draw adjectives from the native language
C.
researchers use a combination of translated and native adjectives
D.
none of the above as the FFM does not translate well

15.
Mischel's critique of traits led to the recognition of what type of interactions that indicate people express particular traits in particular situations?
A.
trait-by-situation
B.
situation-by-situation
C.
person-by-person
D.
person-by-situation

16.
Studies indicate that children described as inhibited at age three were more likely at age 21 to be:
A.
depressed
B.
aggressive
C.
introverted
D.
extroverted

17.
The longitudinal study by Block and colleagues that examined the childhood personality antecedents of depressive tendencies in 18 year olds identified which important variable as a predictor of adult depression:
A.
childhood depression
B.
gender
C.
extroversion
D.
psychoticism

18.
The mask an individual may wear and ultimately mistake for their true psychological “face” is:
A.
false face
B.
false self
C.
facade
D.
self mask

19.
According to Becker, an unfortunate by-product of the evolution of human intelligence is:
A.
existential dread
B.
imaging our own death
C.
the meaningless of life
D.
all of the above

20.
According to the Greek physician Galen, a substantial part of personality is:
A.
the result of environmental factors
B.
is inherited
C.
is the product of learning
D.
all of the above

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