Westen: Psychology Australian & New Zealand Edition

Chapter 08 - Multiple Choice Quiz



1.
Mental models may include:
A.
visual elements
B.
descriptions of relationships among the elements
C.
both a and b
D.
neither a nor b

2.
Defining features are:
A.
the arbitrary parts of an object that lead to correct identification
B.
essential properties of a category
C.
unusual properties of a concept
D.
insufficient to allow for categorisation

3.
At the superordinate level objects share:
A.
few common features
B.
most features in common
C.
all the defining characteristics
D.
none of the above

4.
The process by which people generate and evaluate arguments and beliefs is called:
A.
reasoning
B.
faith
C.
categorisation
D.
analogy

5.
Neuroimaging studies indicate that whereas categorising at the superordinate level requires verbal memory retrieval, while categorising at the basic level requires:
A.
visual attention
B.
verbal memory retrieval
C.
auditory memory retrieval
D.
verbal memory attention

6.
Logically, if A, then three, implies:
A.
if three then A
B.
if three then not A
C.
if not three then not A
D.
if not three then A

7.
In problem solving, sub-goals are defined as:
A.
goals of less importance that the broader goal
B.
goals that are unrelated to the broader goal
C.
mini-goals on the way to achieving the broader goal
D.
goals that are achieved as a result of achieving the broader goal

8.
You are at school and discover you have a nail coming out of a shoe and no hammer. You can't think of anything that you might use to pound the nail back in so you pull it out. You were probably suffering from:
A.
functional fixedness
B.
tonic immobility
C.
brain malfunction
D.
confirmation bias

9.
Number concepts in animals can be demonstrated by:
A.
rewarding correct solutions to addition problems
B.
training animals to eat a specific number of pellets, no more, no less
C.
observing the flights of honeybees
D.
watching animals hunt for food

10.
As the likelihood that you can actually attain a desired object rises, so does the:
A.
expected utility
B.
rational action utility
C.
utility value
D.
all of the above

11.
Heuristics are:
A.
cognitive shortcuts for selecting from among alternatives quickly
B.
formulas for problem solving
C.
ways of eliminating un-preferred options
D.
fixed paths to solutions

12.
Results of imaging studies indicate that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in:
A.
emotion
B.
working memory
C.
long-term memory
D.
episodic memory

13.
A person with ventromedial prefrontal cortical damage will:
A.
often be unable to stop considering alternatives and make a decision
B.
probably not be able to solve complex problems
C.
not recognise fear-producing events
D.
be fearful most of the time

14.
Language is:
A.
required for thought
B.
necessary for communication
C.
a reflection of thought
D.
important as a medium for thought

15.
Words and phrases combine to make:
A.
syntax
B.
phonemes
C.
sentences
D.
grammar

16.
According to Chomsky, humans are born with a “language acquisition device” which:
A.
pre-programs them to learn their native language
B.
contains universal grammatical rules
C.
is the neurological source for the reinforcement of language learning
D.
none of the above

17.
The best evidence for a “critical period” for language development comes from the observation that:
A.
the more languages you learn, the harder it is to learn the next one
B.
children of deaf parents don't learn to sign
C.
deaf children do not develop symbolic communication on their own
D.
deaf children who come to signing late never get as good at it as early signers

18.
Tiger Woods has just sunk a 38-foot putt for a birdie that breaks a tie and means he is the winner of the British Open. He stands up, pumps his right arm several times and throws his putter into the air. This is a form of:
A.
show-boating
B.
exhibitionism
C.
non-verbal communication
D.
syntactic expressionism

19.
When reinforcing language skills, parents tend to focus on which aspect of their child's speech?
A.
grammar
B.
content
C.
volume
D.
social appropriateness

20.
The relationship between learning to speak and learning read shows:
A.
learning to read is not natural
B.
learning to speak assists in learning to read
C.
learning to speak is unrelated to learning to read
D.
none of the above

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