Westen: Psychology Australian & New Zealand Edition

Chapter 02 - Multiple Choice Quiz



1.
The effectiveness of emotional expression of feelings about stressful events in later health is supported by:
A.
Lian's good health after her first visit to the psychologist
B.
Lian's faith in meditation
C.
Lian's use of biofeedback to control her visits to physicians
D.
all of the above

2.
Good psychological research should be:
A.
grounded in theory and use standardised procedures
B.
of practical value
C.
the result of collaborative efforts
D.
a factor in admission to medical school

3.
Measurement is:
A.
useful in psychological research, but usually not possible
B.
a concrete way of assessing a variable
C.
not usually valuable
D.
just a rating scale

4.
In your textbook, the author discusses a study that investigates the kinds of boys who are popular. The researchers hypothesised some popular kids are actually aggressive kids who impress others with their 'toughness'. The dependent variable(s) in this study is/are:
A.
patterns of interaction
B.
popularity and aggressiveness
C.
children and teachers
D.
amounts of inter-raters reliability

5.
Which of the following best states the results of the Harlow study, mentioned in your textbook that sets out to explain how infant monkeys become emotionally attached to their mothers?
A.
The basis of an infant's attachment to its mother is the mother's role as the source of food
B.
The infants are drawn to their mothers by the security and comfort their mothers provide
C.
The results of the Harlow study were inconclusive due to the lack of internal validity
D.
The infant monkeys were equally drawn to the 'mothers' with food and the 'mothers' without food

6.
The steps in doing an experiment lead from one to another in a circular fashion because:
A.
the conclusion of one study is generally the origin of the next study
B.
doing experiments is a lot like a dog chasing its tail
C.
one hypothesis often leads to another
D.
hypotheses lead to conclusions which lead to hypotheses

7.
In the study of the impact of mood on memory mentioned in your textbook, Bower hypnotised participants to feel either happy or sad. In this study, happiness and sadness are the two:
A.
conditions of the independent variable
B.
possibilities of the dependent variable
C.
tests needed to ensure internal consistency
D.
ways memories could be retrieved

8.
A new kind of air conditioner is being tested for its noisiness. Subjects are told that the sound it emits tends to make people sleepy so that it would be a good device for bedrooms. Subjects are asked to use one for 30 days and complete a series of ratings, each day, regarding the ease with which they were able to fall asleep. The description of the study leaves one most concerned about:
A.
framing a hypothesis
B.
demand characteristics
C.
operationalising the variable
D.
selecting subjects

9.
If the data doesn't support the experimenter's theory, the experimenter may:
A.
cling to the theory anyway
B.
conclude that something was wrong with the methods, not the theory
C.
quit research efforts in disappointment
D.
not publish the findings

10.
One of the limitations of the experimental method is:
A.
lack of random assignment
B.
difficulty in establishing external validity
C.
too much internal validity
D.
that they are hard to publish

11.
Case studies are:
A.
good for uncovering cause-effect relationships
B.
frequently used to promote particular therapies
C.
subject to more researcher bias than other approaches
D.
most useful in the middle of a research program

12.
What is the importance of random sampling in survey research?
A.
to ensure that the demographic and demand characteristics of the population to be studied are represented
B.
to ascertain the level of truthfulness and accuracy subjects use in answering survey questions
C.
to limit the amount of respondents to a manageable sample size so correlational research is possible
D.
to ensure that survey results accurately reflect the population as a whole without introducing systematic bias

13.
A correlation coefficient measures the extent to which two variables are:
A.
causally related
B.
casually related
C.
co-related
D.
co-determined

14.
A researcher investigating dyslexia looks at various factors in the lives of dyslexic children and finds the following correlations: +.25 correlation between degree of dyslexia and number of relatives with dyslexia; +.15 correlation between degree of dyslexia and parental alcoholism; -.35 correlation between degree of dyslexia and family income; 0 correlation between degree of dyslexia and number of siblings. Which of these exhibits the strongest correlation with dyslexia?
A.
relatives with dyslexia
B.
parental alcoholism
C.
family income
D.
number of siblings

15.
In a positive co-relationship, the distribution of data points will:
A.
form a circle
B.
move from upper left to lower right
C.
move from right to left parallel with the x-axis
D.
move from lower left to upper right

16.
Modern neuroimaging techniques use:
A.
computer programs to transform data from brain scans into images
B.
the electron microscope to determine neurological structures
C.
post-mortem analysis of the brain to develop images of brain structures
D.
behavioural data to construct functional images of the brain

17.
Cross-cultural studies:
A.
requires sophisticated statistical analysis
B.
frequently use naturalistic observation methods
C.
emphasise primitive (non-technological) cultures
D.
don't occur often because they tend to alter the culture being observed

18.
Deception is permitted:
A.
if subjects are required to stay in the experiment until it is done
B.
only if the study is important enough to warrant it
C.
as long as the subjects never discover it
D.
under no circumstances

19.
Ethics in research with animals:
A.
is not a problem for psychologists
B.
do not apply to rats and mice
C.
balances the costs to the animal against the benefits to humanity
D.
depends on the good-will of the experimenter

20.
Testing hypotheses empirically is the context of:
A.
justification
B.
discovery
C.
method
D.
purpose

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